Aim: The fundamental aim of this study is to determine the factors affecting the audiological, speech, and language-related short-term outcomes achieved by the recipients of cochlear implants (CI) and to assess the category of auditory performance (CAP), speech intelligibility rating (SIR), and meaningful auditory integration scale (MAIS) scores on various factors to calculate the outcome. Materials and methods: This study was a hospital-based retrospective cum prospective study carried out in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Government Medical College (GMC), Kota, from May 2018 to June 2020 in a sample size of 15 patients who underwent CI with satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria with written informed consent and follow-up for 12 months. Three scoring systems are used for evaluation: revised CAP score, SIR of O'Donoghue, and MAIS. A total of six factors are considered, and for all, the relationship with outcome postimplant is calculated using three scores (CAP, SIR, and MAIS). The statistical tests applied are the Chi-square test, Fisher's exact test, Spearman's rho test using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software and tables are computed using Microsoft Excel. Results: Factor 1: relationship with a common cause of sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL)—children having a history of postnatal infection shows significant (p-value = 0.01) poor outcome. Factor 2: relationship with an abnormality of the inner ear shows significant (p-value 0.03, 0.077, and 0.033 for CAP, SIR, and MAIS scores, respectively) poor outcome. Factor 3: relationship with a duration of implant use—with time, CAP, SIR, and MAIS scores improve significantly (p-value 0.001, 0.0169, and 0.001 for CAP, SIR, and MAIS scores, respectively), with the best score at 12 months postimplant. Factor 4: relationship with parent's education level—no significant (p-value 1.0, 0.70, and 0.33 for CAP, SIR, and MAIS scores, respectively) difference seen. Factor 5: relationship with speech rehabilitation—no significant (p-value 0.833, 0.833, and 0.467 for CAP, SIR, and MAIS scores, respectively) difference seen. Factor 6: relationship with rural vs urban population—no significant (p-value 0.837, 0.782, and 1.02 for CAP, SIR, and MAIS scores, respectively) difference seen. Conclusion: Patients with a history of postnatal infection and inner ear abnormality had a poor outcome which improved with time post-CI. Clinical significance: This study concludes on the factors which affect the outcome post-CI and thus help to improve the results of cochlear implantation.