Role of Depth of Invasion in Evaluation and Management of Early-stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Bahbak Shariat-Madar, Jeffrey C Liu
Citation Information :
Shariat-Madar B, Liu JC. Role of Depth of Invasion in Evaluation and Management of Early-stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017; 8 (2):84-88.
To evaluate the existing body of literature and impact of depth of invasion (DOI) in early-stage oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) and its role in predicting occult cervical lymph node metastases.
Background
The prognosis for early-stage T1 to T2 disease OCSCC is relatively poor compared with other mucosal subsites within the head and neck. Primary tumor DOI can help prognosticate high-risk tumors for additional treatment.
Review results
There are unequivocal management implications in the literature demonstrating a role for elective neck dissection in early-stage OCSCC based on DOI. Following appropriate patient selection, there may be a role for sentinel lymph node biopsy in regional lymph node staging in early-stage OCSCC.
Conclusion
There are a multitude of studies demonstrating novel strategies to appropriately treat early-stage OCSCC, which are increasingly becoming standard of care. These strategies are altering the overall and disease-free survival of early-stage OCSCC. Despite advances, locoregional recurrence remains a challenge in this disease.
Clinical significance
Herein, the authors highlight a number of advances in the management of early-stage OCSCC as described in the literature, which are having an impact on disease-free and overall survival.
How to cite this article
Shariat-Madar B, Liu JC. Role of Depth of Invasion in Evaluation and Management of Early-stage Oral Cavity Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2017;8(2):84-88.
T. National Cancer Institute Surveillance, Epidemiol End Results Program. Bethesda (MD): National Cancer Institute; 2017. p. 15. Available from: http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.html (http://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/oralcav.html )
Analysis of risk factors of predictive local tumor control in oral cavity cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2008 Mar;15(3):915-922.
Current topics in the epidemiology of oral cavity and oropharyngeal cancers. Head Neck 2007 Aug;29(8):779-792.
Improved prognosis for patients with oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma: analysis of the National Cancer Database 1998-2006. Oral Oncol 2016 Jan;52:45-51.
Comorbidity and prognosis in head and neck cancers: differences by subsite, stage, and human papillomavirus status. Head Neck 2014 Jun;36(6):802-810.
Multivariate predictors of occult neck metastasis in early oral tongue cancer. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004 Oct;131(4):472-476.
Decreasing loco-regional recurrence for oral cavity cancer with total Mohs margins technique. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016 Dec;45(1):63.
Elective neck treatment versus observation in patients with T1/T2 N0 squamous cell carcinoma of oral tongue. Oral Oncol 2006;42(1):96-101.
The patterns of cervical lymph node metastases from squamous carcinoma of the oral cavity. Cancer 1990 Jul;66(1):109-113.
Early stage squamous cell cancer of the oral tongue-clinicopathologic features affecting outcome. Cancer 2012 Jan;118(1):101-111.
Surgical treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the oral tongue: factors influencing survival. Arch Otolaryngol 1977 Apr;103(4):212-215. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/849198.
Cancer of the tongue. Comments on surgical treatment. Am J Surg 1966 Oct;112(4):562-568. Available from: http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0013961842&partnerID=40&md5=681b6f0fd19365f1098267bf68d9a7aa.
Management of T1 carcinoma of the anterior aspect of the tongue. Arch Otolaryngol 1980 May;106(5):249-251.
Predictive value of tumor thickness in squamous carcinoma confined to the tongue and floor of the mouth. Am J Surg 1986 Oct;152(4):345-350.
Tumor thickness predicts cervical metastasis in patients with Stage I/II carcinoma of the tongue. Cancer 1998 Apr;82(8):1443-1448.
Predictive value of tumor thickness for cervical lymph-node involvement in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity: a meta-analysis of reported studies. Cancer 2009 Apr;115(7):1489-1497.
Elective versus therapeutic neck dissection in node-negative oral cancer. N Engl J Med 2015 Aug;373:1-9.
Sentinel lymph node biopsy accurately stages the regional lymph nodes for T1-T2 oral squamous cell carcinomas: results of a prospective multi-institutional trial. J Clin Oncol 2010 Mar;28(8):1395-1400.
Joint practice guidelines for radionuclide lymphoscintigraphy for sentinel node localization in oral/oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009 Nov;36(11):1915-1936.
The First International Conference on Sentinel Node Biopsy in Mucosal Head and Neck Cancer and adoption of a multicenter trial protocol. Ann Surg Oncol 2002 May;9(4):406-410.
Is preoperative ultrasonography accurate in measuring tumor thickness and predicting the incidence of cervical metastasis in oral cancer? Oral Oncol 2010 Jan;46(1):38-41.
Prognostic factors in mandibular gingival squamous cell carcinoma: A 10-year retrospective study. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016 Oct;46(2):137-143.
Tumour thickness and relationship to locoregional failure in cancer of the buccal mucosa. Eur J Surg Oncol 1999 Apr;25(2):186-189.
High rates of regional failure in squamous cell carcinoma of the hard palate and maxillary alveolus. J Sci Spec Head Neck 2011 Jun;33(6):824-830.
Prognostic factors in the surgical treatment of patients with oral carcinoma. ANZ J Surg 2009 Jan-Feb;79(1-2):19-22.
Tumor thickness as an independent risk factor of early recurrence in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 2014 Jun;271(6):1747-1754.
