James Berry was born at Kingston, Ontario, where his father had business interests, but was educated at Whitgift School, South Croydon, London. He spent his student time at St Bartholomew's Hospital and became a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons. Later, he became consultant surgeon and emeritus lecturer for clinical surgery at the Royal Free Hospital in London. He retired from praxis in 1927. Berry pioneered thyroid surgery in England and wrote a textbook on the subject . With his first wife he assembled and led a medical team to Serbia in World War I. They were captured by the Hungarians and repatriated through Switzerland, only to return to continue their work in Romania.

To compare the precision and efficacy of endoscopic control versus nasal packing in epistaxis presenting to the emergency room.

Open labelled randomized controlled trial for comparison of precision and efficacy of emergency blind nasal packing with primary endoscopic control of epistaxis.

A total of 160 consecutive patients of epistaxis in the age group of 40 to 70 years were randomized in two groups (A and B) of 80 patients each. Group A was subjected to blind nasal packing and group B to endoscopic procedure. About 48 (30%) patients were alcoholic, 64 (40%) were hypertensive and 48 (30%) patients did not have any overt predisposing factor. Bleeding time, clotting time, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time and international normalized ratio (INR) were done in all patients to rule out coagulation diseases.

The nasal pack of patients in group A was removed after 48 hours. The nose was endoscopically examined on 3rd day, 7th day and then 1 month after the epistaxis. A total of 44 (55%) patients of group A had nasal mucosal abrasions (p < 0.05), two (2.5%) patients had secretory otitis media (p > 0.05) and 10 (12.5%) had synechiae formation (p > 0.05). A total of 28 (35%) patients from group A had one episode of rebleed after nasal pack removal. Group B had no complications.

Epistaxis presenting to the emergency room can be precisely and effectively controlled endoscopically. Clumsy nasal packing, complications and subsequent hospitalization costs are thereby reduced.

Reconstruction of large defect in glabellar and forehead areas poses a perplexing problem for a reconstructive surgeon. Although coverage of small defect can be straight forward, few options are available for the coverage of large area.

Two patients were operated for recurrent basal cell carcinoma and dermatofibrosarcoma respectively. Excision left very large defect which was reconstructed by retroauricular temporal flap.

Both flaps survived completely. Flap cutting and final insetting was done on 21st day. The postoperative result was very satisfactory.

Retroauricular temporal (Washio) flap is a robust and reliable flap. It satisfactorily caters the need of the recipient area. The scars are oncologically and esthetically acceptable. We believe that this technique is a simple and effective solution to a difficult problem.

Over the past two decades, monoclonal antibodies have emerged as a versatile class of therapeutics with unique properties. More than 30 therapeutic antibodies are now approved in the United States and European Union, with numerous candidates filling the preclinical and clinical pipeline of every major pharmaceutical companies and biotechnology firms. Monoclonal antibodies have the advantage over traditional medicines in that they are able to specifically bind to the desired targets with little to no associated toxicity. In the recent years, monoclonal antibodies approved for oncology treatments have gained in notoriety and are now used as adjuvants or neo-adjuvants to radiotherapy, chemotherapy and surgery. In the field of head and neck cancer, the anti-EGF receptor antibody Erbitux has paved the way for new targeted treatments to SCCHN. This review introduces some basic concepts and recent perspectives on monoclonal antibodies with a focus on head and neck cancer treatments.

Parapharyngeal space is a potential space in the neck extending from skull base to the greater cornu of hyoid bone. It is divided in prestyloid and poststyloid compartment by the fascia joining styloid process to tensor veli palatini. Tumors of parapharyngeal space are uncommon, comprising of less than 1% of all head and neck neoplasms. CT Scanning and MRI investigations is complimentary and both studies should be performed for evaluation of lesions in this area. Complete surgical excision is the mainstay of treatment.

Oncogenic osteoblastoma is a rare clinical entity in the peripheral nervous system (PNS). Its presentation is like a nasal polyp. One should keep the diagnosis of oncogenic osteoblastoma in mind as a differential diagnosis for mass in nasal cavity. Excessive bleeding during surgery should arouse the suspicion and the pathologist has to be sounded. A preliminary biopsy of the mass is to be considered. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) should be done, if the suspicion is strong.

Facial nerve schwannomas are rare conditions which can mimic many other conditions. A series of patients with facial nerve schwannomas were treated in our department, all of whom had a delay in diagnosis resulting in a significant morbidity. This prompted us to present this rare case series of schwannomas along different segments of facial nerve and also review the literature on such tumors—the different presentations, work-up issues in management and rehabilitation. A wide text and PubMed English literature-based search was done on the existing literature on facial nerve schwannomas and the summary presented. Facial nerve schwannomas can have multiple clinical presentations with or without a facial paresis. Only a high degree of clinical suspicion and early imaging can lead to this diagnosis. An early diagnosis of facial nerve schwannoma is important as the morbidity associated with the condition as well as the surgery increases with the delay in diagnosis.

Cancer is a class of diseases in which a cell or a group of cells display uncontrolled growth, invasion, and sometimes metastasis. The term head and neck cancer refers to a group of biologically similar cancers originating from the upper aerodigestive tract, including the lip, oral cavity, nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, pharynx and larynx. About 90% of head and neck cancers are squamous cell carcinomas, originating from the mucosal lining (epithelium) of these regions. Radiation therapy is the most common form of treatment along with surgery and chemotherapy. There are different forms of radiation therapy, including 3D conformal radiation therapy, intensity-modulated radiation therapy and brachytherapy, which are commonly used in the treatment of cancers of the head and neck. There are both acute and long-term sequelae of radiation therapy (RT) for head and neck cancer (HNC) that occur because of effects on normal tissues. Radiotherapy-induced oral complications are complex, dynamic pathobiological processes that lower the quality of life and predispose patients to serious clinical disorders. Radiotherapy-induced damage in the oral mucosa is the result of the deleterious effects of radiation, not only on the oral mucosa itself but also on the adjacent salivary glands, bone, dentition, and masticatory musculature and apparatus.

Dental surgeons should organize and implement preventive and therapeutic strategies in the management of various complications due to radiotherapy. The clinical features, diagnosis and management of various complications are discussed here. This article mainly presents a brief overview of the whole program of oral evaluation and proper care before, during and after the radiotherapy, managing all the common problems involved.

The calcifying odontogenic cyst represents a heterogeneous group of lesions that exhibits a variety of clinicopathologic and behavioral features. Therefore, a proper categorization of the cases is needed for better understanding of each variant. Ameloblastoma is one of the well-known odontogenic tumors that could be associated with calcifying odontogenic cyst. Very few cases of ameloblastomatous calcifying odontogenic cyst have been reported in the literature. In this report, we present a case of ameloblastomatous calcifying odontogenic cyst differentiating it from other variants of calcifying odontogenic cyst.

A patient with a squamous cell carcinoma of right retromolar area of the mandible and undergoing a staging neck dissection was noted to have a unique relationship of the internal jugular vein and spinal accessory nerve. At the upper end of the dissection (level II, Memorial Sloan-Kettering classification), the spinal accessory nerve was observed to pass directly through the internal jugular vein. Although previously described only once in the literature, this finding may be encountered by other surgeons who operate in this area and it is important that these anatomical variations are borne in mind to prevent inadvertent injury. To our knowledge, this must be the first case reported from India.

There is very little information in literature about oral melanosis not associated with racial pigmentation or secondary to other syndromes. Various stimuli that can result in an increased production of melanin at the level of mucosa include trauma, hormones, radiation and medications. Three such cases are reported in which stimulus for genesis of melanosis was mechanical trauma in form of smoking.