The aim of this study was to investigate activation pattern of neck muscles in patients with chronic neck pain of nontraumatic origin during static tasks.

Fifteen normal subjects were taken in group A and 15 patients with chronic neck pain of nontraumatic origin were taken in group B. Electromyography (EMG) activity was recorded from the sternocleidomastoid, anterior scalene, levator scapulae and upper trapezius muscles. Percentage maximum voluntary isometric contraction were calculated during static tasks, which included shoulder abduction to 90° and hold, shrug and hold, craniocervical flexion and hold.

There was no significant (p > 0.05) difference found in activation pattern of neck muscles when we compared right and left sides within groups A and B. But when we compared between groups, group B showed a significant (p < 0.05) increased activation pattern in anterior scalene, sternocleidomastoid, upper trapezius compared to normal subject's neck muscles except levator scapulae which shows no significant difference between groups.

It is concluded from the study that, in patient of nontraumatic origin of chronic neck pain, all the patients showed a significant increased level of EMG activity in neck muscles during performance of static activities as compared to asymptomatic controls.

Chahal RK, Kumar P. Alteration in Activation Pattern of Neck Muscles in Patients with Chronic Neck Pain. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):1-7.

Qazi SM, Iqbal I, Mirza A, Ali I, Kumari S. Sinonasal Verrucous Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):8-9.

Qadri S, Afroz N, Jain A, Shamim N. Giant Cell Angiofibroma Scalp: A Rare Neoplasm. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):10-13.

Joshi P, Chaturvedi P, Agarwal JP, Kane S. Pitfall of Positron Emission Tomography-Computed Tomography in assessing Metastasis in a Recurrent Head and Neck Cancer. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):14-16.

Shinde D, Dabholkar YG, Saberwal AA, Velankar HK, Shetty AK. Use of Intralesional Bleomycin for Oral Hemangioma of Sturge-Weber Syndrome. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):17-19.

Shah PD, Chauhan Y, Mukherji s. Castleman's Disease: An Orphan Lymphoproliferative Disorder. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):20-22.

Swain SK, Sahu MC, Tripathy R. A Giant Pleomorphic Adenoma of the Palatine Arch in a 75-Year-Old Man: A Case Report with Review of Literature. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):23-25.

Bose A, Sengupta A, Sherpa TD, Paul N. Fourth Branchial Fistula: Revisited. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):26-28.

Ganeshan AP, Rajmohan B, Amarnath G, Jain V. Synovial Sarcoma Parotid Gland: Diagnostic Dilemma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):29-31.

Saldanha M, Biniyam K, Permi HS, Bhat VS. Unusual Presentation of Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):32-34.

Raikwar KR, Ghodke MH, Deshmukh VB, Garde JB, Suryavanshi RK. Schwannoma of the Lower Lip Mucosa: An Unexpected Finding. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):35-37.

Mathai A, Balasubramanian S, Babu S. Oral Commissure Defect Reconstruction with Modified Biflanged Submental Artery Island Flap. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):38-40.

The authors present a case report of a patient with a lingual hematoma treated in the otolaryngology department of portuguese institute of oncology, lisbon, followed by a brief literature review.

A case of a 43 years old female with a diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia since 2007, submitted to allograft bone marrow transplantation in 2008 at the Portuguese Oncology Institute, Lisbon. With diagnosis of recurrence since May 2011, she was hospitalized in october 2011, due to a lower gastrointestinal bleeding in the context of a cytomegalovirus colitis associated with pancytopenia. During hospitalization, the patient experienced a tonicclonic seizure. less than 12 hours after this episode, the patient developed a massive lingual hematoma. Despite exuberant macroglossia and tongue proptosis, the patient showed no signs of active bleeding or severe dyspnea and was submitted to conservative medical treatment.

Lingual hematoma has many causes, being trauma and hemorrhagic dyscrasias among the most frequent. The first therapeutic objective should be evaluated and gua ranted upper airway patency. once the airway is secured, hemorrhage and hematoma should be treated according to its etiology. This can be achieved with conservative medical therapy, intervention radiology or surgery.

Lingual hematoma is as rare as potentially fatal. prompt recognition and management is critical for a favorable outcome.

Costa E, Estibeiro H, Magalhães M. Lingual Hematoma: A Rare Cause of Upper Airway Obstruction. Int J Head Neck Surg 2015;6(1):41-44.